Forêts de France

Discover the forests of Francetree species, sporting activities and events, and forests. classified and protected.

Introduction to the forests of France

France, rich in biodiversity and varied landscapes, is home to some of Europe's most majestic forests. This article takes you on a journey of discovery through France's forests, their distinctive features, and the many activities they offer.

Definition of Forêts de France

A forest is a vast area covered with trees and dense vegetation, creating a complex ecosystem rich in biodiversity. It plays a crucial role in climate regulation, soil protection and the conservation of flora and fauna.

The difference between forest and wood

• Forest

A larger area with dense, diverse vegetation, including trees of different species, undergrowth and a rich fauna.

• Wood

A smaller wooded area, often used for recreation or timber production.

State, communal and private forests in France

State-owned forests

• Ownership: Owned by the French State.
• Management : Placed under the responsibility of the Office National des Forêts (ONF), which ensures their sustainable management by reconciling economic, social and environmental aspects.
• How to use : Intended for a variety of uses: wood production, soil protection, public access, etc.
• Features : Often large in size, they are managed according to multi-year forest management plans.
• Example: The forest of Fontainebleau, the forest of Orleans.

Communal forests

• Ownership: Owned by local authorities.
• Management : Often delegated to the ONF, but local authorities retain control over forest management.
• How to use : The uses are varied and depend on local decisions: wood production, recreation, environmental protection.
• Features : Smaller than state-owned forests, they play an important role in the local economic and social fabric.
• Example: Many forests on the outskirts of towns and villages.

Private forests

• Ownership: Owned by individuals, companies or associations.
• Management : Freely decided by the owner, in compliance with current regulations.
• How to use : They are used for a wide variety of purposes, from wood production to nature conservation and recreation.
• Features : They vary greatly in size and can be managed extensively or intensively.
• Example: Forests owned by squires, forests owned by forestry companies.

Comparison table

Description of the different types of forest in France

Hardwood forests

Deciduous forests, like Compiègne Forest, are dominated by deciduous trees such as oak, beech and birch.

Coniferous forests

These forests, like those in the Vosges, are mainly made up of conifers such as pine, spruce and fir, which keep their needles all year round.

Mixed forests

Mixed forests, such as the Rambouillet forest, contain both deciduous and coniferous trees, offering great ecological diversity.

Mediterranean forests

Mediterranean forests, like the Sainte-Baume forest, are home to drought-resistant species such as holm oak, Aleppo pine and arbutus.

France's best-known forests

Fontainebleau forest

Located near ParisThis forest is famous for its unique rock formations and its hiking and climbing routes.

The forest of Fontainebleaulocated some sixty kilometers south of Paris, is an exceptional forest massif, renowned for its varied landscapes and natural wealth. This vast area of over 25,000 hectares is a haven of peace for nature lovers and sports enthusiasts alike.

Diverse landscapes

• Fontainebleau sandstone : One of the forest's most remarkable features are its famous sandstones, rock formations sculpted by erosion and offering world-renowned climbing routes.
  
   
• Les Landes et les Platières : These stretches of sand and low vegetation contrast with the forest massifs. They are home to a specific flora and fauna.
  
   
• Forests : The forest of Fontainebleau is mainly composed of oak, beech and Scots pine. These forests offer a variety of landscapes, from shady undergrowth to sunny clearings.
  
   

Exceptional Biodiversity

The forest of Fontainebleau is home to remarkable biodiversity, with thousands of plant and animal species. These include :

• Wildlife : Roe deer, wild boar, foxes, as well as a wide variety of birds, insects and reptiles.
• Flora : A rich and varied flora, adapted to the forest's different environments.

Broceliande Forest

Legendary for its links with Arthurian tales, the Brocéliande forest is a magical place, rich in myth and legend.

The forest of Brocéliande is a place steeped in history, myth and legend, which has inspired generations of writers and storytellers. Located in Brittany, between Ille-et-Vilaine and Morbihan, this enchanting forest is a haven of peace for nature lovers and fans of Arthurian legends.

A mythical place

• The cradle of Arthurian legends : The forest is the setting for many of the adventures of King Arthur, Merlin the magician and the fairy Viviane. Place names evoke this magical universe: the Fountain of Youth, the Valley of No Return, the Golden Oak...
• An enchanting setting: The Brocéliande forest is a veritable tableau vivant, with its majestic beech trees, heathery moors and small ponds. The subdued light under the trees and the silence of nature contribute to the mysterious atmosphere of the place.
  
   

Unspoilt nature

• Rich biodiversity: The Brocéliande forest is home to a wide variety of flora and fauna. It is home to some of Brittany's most emblematic species, such as the roe deer, badger and tawny owl.
• Hiking trails: Numerous signposted trails enable you to discover the different landscapes in and around the forest. Some trails are themed, recounting the legends associated with the area.

Activities for everyone

• Le Centre de l'Imaginaire Arthurien : Located at Comper castle, this center offers exhibitions, shows and events based on the Arthurian world.
• Storytelling walks : Numerous guides offer storytelling walks to discover the legends of the forest in a fun and interactive way.
• Relaxation: The Brocéliande forest is also an ideal place to recharge your batteries and relax, away from the hustle and bustle of the city.

Landes Forest

Europe's largest man-made forest, the Landes forest is a vast area of maritime pines, ideal for outdoor activities.

The Landes forestalso known as the Landes de Gascogne forest, is an immense forest massif located in the south of France. Nouvelle-Aquitainein France. With a surface area of around 1 million hectares, it is one of the largest artificial forests in Western Europe.

A unique story

Unlike many other forests, the Landes forest is not the fruit of a natural process. It was born of an ambitious reforestation project undertaken in the 18th century to drain the Landes, then an unhealthy and unproductive marshland. The resistant, fast-growing maritime pine was chosen for this colossal undertaking.

A unique landscape

Today, the Landes forest offers a characteristic landscape, with long, straight avenues lined with maritime pines. This forest monoculture contrasts with the biological diversity of natural forests. However, the Landes forest is also home to wetlands, moors and watercourses, providing habitats for a wide variety of flora and fauna.

A wealth of natural resources

Despite its uniform appearance, the Landes forest is a rich and fragile ecosystem. Here you'll find :

• A varied fauna : Roe deer, wild boar, deer, as well as a multitude of birds (storks, kites, etc.) and insects inhabit the forest.
• Adapted flora : In addition to maritime pine, wetlands are home to heather, ferns and carnivorous plants.
• Wetlands : The lakesThe forest's ponds and streams are home to a rich and diverse aquatic fauna.

Activities for everyone

The Landes forest offers a wide range of leisure activities:

• Hiking and mountain biking: Numerous signposted trails allow you to explore the forest on foot or by bike.
• Fishing: The forest's lakes and rivers are popular with anglers.
• Nature observation : The forest is an ideal playground for birdwatchers and nature lovers.
• Water sports : Sailing, canoeing and paddle-boating are all available on the large lakes.

An environmental issue

The Landes forest is a fragile ecosystem, subject to numerous pressures: fires, tree diseases, intensive logging. Sustainable management of this forest is therefore a major challenge for preserving its biodiversity and ecological functions.

Rambouillet Forest

Close to VersaillesThis forest is renowned for its biodiversity and picturesque hiking trails.

The forest of Rambouilletalso known as the Yveline or Iveline forest, is one of Île-de-France's main forest massifs. Located some forty kilometers southwest of Paris, it covers almost 200 km², offering a haven of peace for Parisians in search of escape.

A rich and varied history

Formerly the hunting grounds of the kings of France, the Rambouillet forest has been shaped by man for centuries. Its majestic avenues, peaceful ponds and castles bear witness to this royal past.

Remarkable biodiversity

Despite its proximity to the capital, the Rambouillet forest is home to remarkable biodiversity. Its varied environments, ranging from oak forests to dry moorlands and wetlands, provide a habitat for numerous plant and animal species.

• Wildlife : Deer, wild boar, foxes and a host of birds, insects and reptiles can be found here.
• Flora : The forest is predominantly oak, but there are also beeches, pines and many species of undergrowth.

Something for everyone

The Rambouillet forest offers a multitude of activities to suit all tastes:

• Hiking : Numerous signposted trails allow you to discover the forest's diverse landscapes.
• Mountain biking : Itineraries suitable for all levels criss-cross the forest.
• Riding: Several equestrian centers offer horseback rides.
• Visit water sports : Some ponds are ideal for fishing or canoeing.
• Fun activities : Espace Rambouillet offers adventure courses, children's play areas and a wildlife park.

A rich cultural heritage

In addition to its natural wealth, the Rambouillet forest also boasts an important cultural heritage. Numerous châteaux, such as Château de Rambouillet and Château de Villiers-le-Mahieu, bear witness to its past.

A protected area

Numerous protective measures have been put in place to preserve this exceptional natural area. The majority of the Rambouillet forest is classified as a national forest, and benefits from sustainable forest management.

Sports Activities and Events in Forests in France

Hiking

France's forests offer hundreds of kilometers of hiking trails, suitable for all levels.

Cycling

Bicycle trails run through many forests, allowing you to discover these landscapes by bike.

Riding

The forest of Fontainebleau and other forests have bridle paths for horseback riding.

Hunting and fishing

Some forests allow hunting and fishing, regulated to preserve the local flora and fauna.

Cultural Events

Festivals and cultural events, such as historical re-enactments and open-air concerts, are organized in many French forests.

Sports Competitions in the Forests of France

Orienteering

France regularly hosts orienteering competitions in its forests, attracting participants from all over Europe.

Trail

Trail races, such as the Eco-Trail de Paris, take place in forests, offering demanding and picturesque courses.

MOUNTAIN BIKING

Mountain biking competitions are organized in forests such as those in the Vosges, offering technical and varied routes.

Classified and Protected Forests in France

Fontainebleau forest

Classified as a biosphere reserve by UNESCO, it is protected for its unique biodiversity.

Tronçais Forest

Renowned for its centuries-old oak trees, this forest is listed for its ecological and historical value.

Cévennes National Park

This park is home to vast forests protected for their wealth of flora and fauna.

National Forestry Office (ONF)

L'Office National des Forêts (ONF) is a French public establishment responsible for managing a large proportion of France's public forests. It plays an essential role in the preservation of our forest heritage, the sustainable management of forest resources and the promotion of forest-related activities.

ONF's main missions

• Sustainable forest management : The ONF is responsible for the management and exploitation of public forests, ensuring that economic, social and environmental objectives are reconciled. This includes tree planting, forest maintenance, fire and disease control, and timber harvesting.
• Protecting biodiversity : The ONF is committed to preserving forest biodiversity by implementing measures to protect species and their habitats. It also contributes to the restoration of degraded natural environments.
• Regional planning : The ONF plays an important role in regional development, helping to prevent natural hazards (floods, landslides), protect the soil and regulate the climate.
• Public welcome : The ONF develops and maintains forests to enable the public to enjoy nature. It offers numerous hiking trails, picnic areas and forest discovery activities.
• Research and innovation : ONF conducts research to improve its practices and develop new, more environmentally-friendly forest management methods.

The NFB, a key player in the ecological transition

The NFB is at the heart of the ecological transition. It contributes to :

• Combating climate change: Forests play an essential role in carbon capture. The ONF is committed to strengthening carbon storage in French forests.
• Preserving water resources: Forests regulate the water cycle and help improve water quality.
• Protecting the soil: Forests protect soils from erosion and help combat desertification.

Forêts de France - FAQ

What's the difference between a forest and a wood?
A forest is a vast area with dense, diverse vegetation, while a woodland is a smaller wooded area, often used for recreational activities.

What types of forest are found in France?
There are deciduous, coniferous, mixed and Mediterranean forests.

What are France's most famous forests?
The most famous forests include the Forêt de Fontainebleau, the Forêt de Brocéliande, the Forêt des Landes and the Forêt de Rambouillet.

What activities can you enjoy in France's forests?
Here you can enjoy hiking, cycling, horseback riding, hunting and fishing.

What sporting competitions are held in France's forests?
Orienteering, trail running and mountain bike competitions are commonplace.

What is the NFB and what is its role?
ONF is the French National Forestry Office, responsible for the sustainable management of France's public forests, including the preservation of biodiversity and fire prevention.