Megalithic sites in France
Megalithic sites in Francemonumental footprints of the past, are stone constructions erected by prehistoric societies. They can be found throughout the countryThese often mysterious monuments, fascinating for their size, layout and the ingenuity of their builders, bear witness to the past and the present.history of France.
Introduction and definition of Megalithic Sites in France
Defining megaliths
The term "megalith" comes from the Greek "mega" meaning large, and "lithos" meaning stone. A megalith is a construction made of large, often uncut stones, erected by prehistoric man. These monuments serve a variety of functions, including funerary, cultic and astronomical.
History of Megalithic Sites in France
The first megaliths appeared around 4500 BC, during the Neolithic period. They are often associated with ritual and funerary practices. In France, there are more than 4,500 megalithic sitesThis makes it one of the richest countries in terms of the diversity and concentration of these monuments.
Megalith types
There are several types of megalith, each with its own function and symbolism.
Dolmens : Funerary structures
Dolmens are megalithic constructions composed of large stone slabs laid in a table, generally forming a burial chamber. These monuments served as collective burials where the deceased were laid to rest, often accompanied by offerings.
Menhirs: Mysterious monoliths
Menhirs are standing stones, often large in size, erected vertically. Their function is still widely debated. Some believe they had a religious or symbolic function, while others see them as territorial or astronomical landmarks.
Megalithic alignments
Alignments are rows of menhirs, sometimes several hundred meters long. The best-known example is Carnac in France. Brittanywhere thousands of menhirs are lined up over several kilometers.
Find out more about read our detailed article here.
Cromlechs and Stone Circles
Cromlechs are circular or oval enclosures formed by standing stones. They are often associated with religious or astronomical sites. The most famous cromlech in France is the one in Brittany, although not as imposing as its British counterparts such as Stonehenge.
Regional distribution of megalithic sites
Megalithic sites are unevenly distributed across France, with some regions particularly rich in these prehistoric monuments.
Megalithic sites in Brittany
Brittany is France's most emblematic megalithic region. The sites of Carnac, Locmariaquer and Gavrinis attract thousands of visitors every year. The region alone boasts several thousand menhirs and dolmens, testifying to intense human activity in the Neolithic period.
Megaliths in Normandy
Visit NormandyThe megaliths are fewer in number, but just as fascinating. The Pierre Procureuse dolmen and the Bretteville menhir are notable examples. This region offers an interesting contrast to Brittany, with its often isolated and lesser-known monuments.
Megaliths in Aquitaine
Aquitaine, and more specifically the department of Dordogneis rich in dolmens. The Pierre Levée dolmen at Sarlat is one of the best known. The region boasts a wide variety of megalithic sites, from tumuli to isolated menhirs.
Read our article on Sarlat-la-Canéda here.
Les Mégalithes du Midi
In the south of France, megaliths are often associated with Mediterranean landscapes. The Saint-Michel de Grandmont site in the Hérault region is a remarkable example of a dolmen. Southern France offers a different perspective on the use of megaliths, with possible influences from the Mediterranean.
France's Most Famous Megalithic Sites
Some of France's megalithic sites are world-renowned for their grandeur and complexity.
Carnac: A Site Unique in the World
Carnac, in Brittany, is without doubt the world's most famous megalithic site. With its thousands of menhirs lined up for miles around, it is an impressive testimony to Neolithic practices. The Carnac alignments are listed on the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Gavrinis: Le Tombeau aux Gravures
The island of Gavrinis is home to a tumulus whose interior is adorned with intricate carvings representing geometric and symbolic motifs. The site is particularly impressive for the quality and preservation of its carvings.
The Great Broken Menhir of Er Grah
The Grand Menhir Brisé in Locmariaquer is one of the largest monoliths ever erected by man. It is now in several pieces, but its original size must have exceeded 20 metres in height.
Locmariaquer : Capital of the Megaliths
Locmariaquer in Morbihan is a major site, home to several important megalithic monuments, including the Grand Menhir Brisé and the Table des Marchands dolmen. This site is essential for understanding Neolithic culture in France. Europe Western.
Museums and Megalith Interpretation Centres
If you'd like to find out more about megaliths, there are several museums and interpretation centers in France dedicated to these fascinating monuments.
Carnac Prehistory Museum
This museum is a reference point for anyone interested in megaliths. It features an impressive collection of archaeological artefacts discovered on sites in and around Carnac, offering a comprehensive insight into Neolithic life.
Locmariaquer Megaliths Museum
Located near the Locmariaquer site, this museum offers a detailed exhibition on the megaliths of the region, with models, reconstructions and explanatory videos.
Maison des Mégalithes in Saint-Just
The Maison des Mégalithes in Saint-Just, Brittany, is an interpretation center where you can discover different aspects of local megalithic sites, with workshops and guided tours to help you better understand these mysterious monuments.
Discovering and visiting megalithic sites
France offers many opportunities to discover megalithic sites, whether through hikes, guided tours or immersive experiences.
Hiking on the Megalithic Sites
Several hiking allow you to discover megaliths in the heart of nature. In Brittany, the sentier des alignements de Carnac is particularly popular with walkers and history buffs.
Guided Tours and Immersive Experiences
Guided tours are offered at most of the major megalithic sites, allowing visitors to discover these monuments with expert explanations. At Carnac, nocturnal tours with lighting effects offer a different perspective on the alignments.
Tips for preparing your visit
To make the most of your visit, we recommend that you find out in advance about opening times and access conditions, especially for sites located in protected areas. It is also advisable to bring clothing suitable for walking and for local weather conditions.
FAQ about Megalithic Sites in France
What is a megalithic site?
A megalithic site is a archaeological site and a site of large stone constructions, mainly dating from the Neolithic period.
Which are the oldest megaliths in France?
The oldest megaliths in France date back to the end of the 5th millennium BC, with sites such as Barnenez in Brittany.
Where can you find the biggest menhirs in France?
The Grand Menhir Brisé at Locmariaquer is the largest menhir ever erected in France, originally measuring over 20 metres.
Can children visit megalithic sites?
Yes, most of the megalithic sites are accessible to families, with adapted routes for children.
When is the best time to visit megalithic sites?
Spring and autumn are the best times to visit, as the climate is pleasant and the sites are less crowded.
How to get to the main megalithic sites in France?
Most of the major megalithic sites are accessible by car, with parking lots nearby. Some sites can also be reached by public transport.
Conclusion
France's megalithic sites are impressive witnesses of human genius and the complexity of prehistoric societies. They form an essential part of the country's historical and cultural heritage, attracting large numbers of visitors every year. Research continues to shed new light on these monuments, bringing us ever closer to understanding our ancestors.
